References
1. Taylor, Paul S. (1998–1999). Second law of thermodynamics – Does this basic law of nature prevent evolution? Gilbert, AZ: Eden Communications, Christian Answers Network,1. Retrieved April 2008, from http://www.christiananswers.net/q-eden/edn-thermodynamics.html (adapted from Taylor, Paul S. [1995]. The Illustrated Origins Answer Book. [5th Ed.] Mesa, AZ: Eden Communications), 1 and Emmett L. Williams (Ed.). (June 1981). Thermodynamics and the Development of Order. Norcross, GA: Creation Research Society, 18.
2. Second law of thermodynamics. (2008). (M. Houdmann, P. Matthews-Rose, R. Niles, editors). All About Science. Retrieved April 2008, from http://www.allaboutscience.org/second-law-of-thermodynamics.htm (AllAboutScience.org).
3. Entropy. (May 2008). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved May 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy.
4. Second law of thermodynamics. (2008), op. cit.
5. Thaxton, C.B., Bradley, W.L., and Olsen, R.L. (1984). The Mystery of Life's Origin. Dallas, TX: Lewis and Stanley; as cited in Catchpoole, D., Sarfati, J., and Wieland, C. (2008). The Creation Answers Book. (D. Batten, Ed.), Atlanta, GA: Creation Book Publishers, 21.
6. Wilson, J. (2007). Scientific laws, hypotheses, and theories. Retrieved April 2008, from http://wilstar.com/theories.htm.
7. Whitcomb, J.C., and Morris, H.M. (1961). The Genesis Flood. Phillipsburg, NJ: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 224–225.
8. Hatsopoulos, G.N. and Gyftopoulos, E.P. (1970). Deductive Quantum Thermodynamics. In: A Critical Review of Thermodynamics. (E.B. Stuart, B. Gal-Or, and A.J. Brainard, Editors). MD: Mono Book Corporation, 78. Also cited in Taylor, op. cit., 3.
9. Taylor, op. cit., 2. Also see Fox, S.W. (December 6, 1971). Chemical origins of cells – 2. Chemical and Engineering News, 49: 46.
10. Ibid. Also see Armstrong, H.L. (September 1978). Thermodynamics, energy, matter, and form. Creation Research Society Quarterly, 15 (2): 119–121, and (December 1978) 15 (3): 167–168, 174.
11. Ross, John. (July 7, 1980). Letter in Chemical and Engineering News, 58: 40; as cited in Morris, Henry M. (1997). That Their Words May Be Used Against Them. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 74. (Dr. John Ross is a Harvard University scientist and evolutionist.) Also see Taylor, op. cit., 4 and 9; and Whitcomb and Morris, op. cit., 222–225.
12. Taylor, op. cit., 2. Also see Lindsay, R.B. (1968). Physics – To what extent is it deterministic? American Scientist, 56 (2): 100–111; and Hatsopoulos and Gyftopoulos, (1970), op. cit., 78.
13. Ham, Sarfati, and Wieland (2000). The Revised & Expanded Answers Book. (D. Batten, Ed.). Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 139.
14. Paradox: As our brains and bodies have suffered because of mutations (which are an expression of the Second Law, or universal tendency for decay and disorder), information has increased because of accumulated knowledge over the 4,400-year period (Noah to present day). In the last days, as described in Daniel 12:4, “many will go back and forth, and knowledge will increase.” This goes back to Alvin Toffler’s book, Future Shock, that refers to an exponential or geometric increase in knowledge—but at the same time, our bodies and physical world (including morality) are decaying. Medical technology, for example, is barely keeping pace with increasing mutational load or “genetic burden” and disease (see section titled Mutations – Deformities and Disease). The world of the 1940s and 1950s has ceased to exist and since the year 2000 it is already disappearing. More information will be generated this year than in the previous 5,000 years, and the amount of new technical information is doubling every two years. By 2012 it is predicted to double every 72 hours—in other words, a human will be unable to keep up with technology. But accumulation of knowledge and new technology is NOT evolution—it is simply an “accumulation of knowledge.” Hal Lindsey Report, television, August 10, 2008.
15. The Human Genome Project, Announcement from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, May 6, 1993; as cited in Maddox, B. (September 2007). Mutations: The raw material for evolution? Acts & Facts, 36 (9), Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research, 11.
16. Spetner, Lee. (1996). Not by Chance! Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution. Brooklyn, NY: The Judaica Press, 160. Also see Sid Galloway. (1998, updated 2006). Questions & evidence for evolutionists as well as progressive creationists. Retrieved in May 2008, from http://www.soulcare.org/Creation/Evolutionary_Questions.html
17. Spetner, Lee. (1996), op. cit., back book cover. Also see Galloway, Sid. (1998, Updated 2006). Questions & evidence for evolutionists…, op. cit.; and Sid Galloway. (June 2003). Evolution: A racist religion…, op. cit.
18. Thompson, G. R., and Turk, J. (1991). Modern Physical Geology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College Publishing, 359–360.
19. Whitcomb, J. C. (1988). The World That Perished. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 77, 80; and Dillow, Joseph P. (1982). The Waters Above. Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 141, 335–353.
20. Wolfe, Jack A. (1978). U.S. Geological Survey Report; as cited in Whitcomb (1988), op. cit., 80; and Dillow, op. cit., 348.
21. National Geographic magazine. (February 1963). Antarctica: New look at a continent, 123 (2): 288, 296; cf. Nov. 1971, 653. Also cited in Whitcomb, 1988, 83.
22. Baumgardner, J.R. (1994). Runaway subduction as the driving mechanism for the Genesis flood. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburg, PA, 63–75; and Catchpoole, Sarfati, and Wieland (2008), op. cit., chapter 11.
23. Catchpoole, Sarfati, and Wieland (2008), op. cit., 168. Also see Weinstein, S.A. (1993). Catastrophic overturn of the earth’s mantle driven by multiple phase changes and internal heat generation. Geophysical Research Letters, 2: 101–104; Tackley, P.J., Stevenson, D.J., Glatzmaier, G.A., and Schubert, G. (1993). Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth on spherical mantle convection. Nature, 36: 699–704; and Moresi L., and Solomatov, V. (1998). Mantle convection with brittle lithosphere: Thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the earth and venus. Geophysical Journal International, 133: 669–682.
24. Thompson and Turk (1991), op. cit., 370.
25. Whitcomb, J. C. (1988). The World That Perished. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 86; and Whitcomb, J. C., and Morris, H. M. (1961). The Genesis Flood. Phillipsburg, NJ: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 139.
26. Eardley, A.J. (June 1957). The cause of mountain building – An enigma. American Scientist, 189; as cited in Whitcomb, J. C. (1988). The World That Perished. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 84.
27. Morris, J.D. (1994). The Young Earth. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 106–109; Humphreys, D.R. (June 2005). Evidence for a young world. Institute for Creation Research, Impact, Article 384 (Item #7); and Austin, S.A. and J.D. Morris (1986). Tight folds and clastic dikes as evidence for rapid deposition and deformation of two very thick stratigraphic sequences. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Creationism, vol. II, Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburg, PA, 113–126.
29. Morris, J.D. (July 2009). Sedimentary structure shows a young earth. Acts & Facts, 38 (7): 15; and Morris (1994), 96–97. Also see Hayes, M.O. (1961). Hurricanes as geological agents: Case studies of hurricanes Carla, 1961, and Cindy, 1963. University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, Report of Investigation, No. 61, 56.
30. Morris (1994), op. cit. 111. Also see Kelsey, M., and Denton, H. (1932). Sandstone dikes near Rockwall, Texas. University of Texas Bulletin, No. 3201, 138–148.
31. Roth, Ariel A. (1977). Clastic dikes. Origins, 4 (1), Geoscience Research Institute, 53–55. Retrieved April 2008, from http://www.grisda.org/origins/04053.htm.
32. Morris (1994), op, cit., 102. Also see Davis, A. and Spackman, W. (1964). The role of cellulosic and lignitic components in articulate coalification. Fuel, 43: 215–224; and Larson, John. (March 1985). From lignin to coal in a year. Nature, 31:16.
33. Hayatsu, R., et al. (1984). Artificial coalification study: Preparation and characterization of synthetic macerals. Organic Geochemistry, 6: 463–471.
34. Wieland, C. (2001). Stones and Bones. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 12–13. Also see Organic Geochemistry. (1984). 6: 463–471.
35. Snelling, A.A. (March 1990). How fast can oil form? Creation, 12 (2): 30–34. Retrieved October 2009, from http://creation.com/contents-all-creation-magazines; and Major, T. (1990), 10–14.
36. Morris, J.D. (2003). Is the Big Bang Biblical? Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 108–109; and Morris, J.D. (1994). The Young Earth. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 70. Statistics provided by paleontologist Kurt P. Wise, Ph.D. Geology (Paleontology).
37. Humphreys, R. (June 2005). Evidence for a young world. ICR Impact, Article 384 (Item #13), 384. Retrieved from http://answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp. Also see Deevey, E.S. (September 1960). The human population. Scientific American, 203: 194–204.
38. Marshack, A. (January 1976). Exploring the mind of ice age man. National Geographic, 147: 64–69; Catchpoole, Sarfati, and Wieland (2008), op. cit., 123; and Lubenow, M.L. (1998). Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA: An evaluation. Journal of Creation, 12 (1): 87–97.
39. Catchpoole, Sarfati, and Wieland (2008), op. cit., 123, 205.
40. The Australian, August 19, 1993. Dr. Throne was then a paleoanthropologist at the Australian National Laboratory; as cited in Wieland, C. (2001). Stones and Bones. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 20.
41. Schweitzer, M.H., and Staedter, T. (June 1997). The real Jurassic Park. Earth, 6 (3): 55–57; Schweitzer, M.H., Wittmeyer, J.L., Horner, J.R., and Toporski, J.K. (March 2005). Soft tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex. Science, 307 (5757): 1952–1955; Scientists recover T. rex soft tissue. The Associated Press (2008). Retrieved April 2008, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7285683/; Fields, H. (May 2006). Dinosaur shocker, Smithsonian Magazine; Wieland, Carl. (September 1997). Sensational dinosaur blood report! Creation, 19 (4): 42–43; Wieland, C. (1999). Dinosaur bones: Just how old are they really. Creation, 21 (1): 54–55; Thomas, B. (October 2008). Dinosaur soft tissue: Biofilm or blood vessels? Acts & Facts, 37 (10), Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research, 14; and Johnson, J.S., Tomkins, J., and Thomas, B. (October 2009). Dinosaur DNA research: Is the tale wagging the evidence? Acts & Facts, 38 (10), Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research, 4–6.
42. Batten, D. (1997). Buddy Davis – The creation music man (who makes dinosaurs). Creation, 19 (3): 49–51; and Davies, K. (1987). Duckbill dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae, Ornithishia) from the north slope of Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 61 (1): 198–200.
43. Humphreys, R. (Item #8), op. cit. Also see Cherfas, J. (September 20, 1991). Ancient DNA: still busy after death. Science, 253: 1354–1356; Cano, R.J., Poinar, H.N., Pieniazek, N.J., Acra A., and Poinar, G.O. Jr. (June 10, 1993). Amplification and sequencing of DNA from a 120–135-million-year-old weevil. Nature, 363: 536–538; and Vreeland, R.H., Rosenzweig, W.D., and Powers, D.W. (October 19, 2000). Isolation of a 250-million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. Nature, 407: 897–900.
44. DeYoung, D. (May 2006). Thousands … Not Billions. Master Books, Green Forest, AR, May 2006. The seven RATE scientists included two geologists (Steven Austin and Andrew Snelling), a geophysicist (John Baumgardner), three physicists (Eugene Chaffin, Don DeYoung, Russell Humphreys), and a meteorologist (Larry Vardiman, chairman of RATE). Steven Boyd, a biblical Hebrew scholar, also joined the RATE effort. All team members hold an earned doctorate. The RATE project was sponsored and promoted by leading creation science organizations that included the Institute for Creation Research and the Creation Research Society.
46. Morris (1994), op. cit., 65; and Morris, J.D. (2007), 64. Also see Catchpoole, D., Sarfati, J., and Wieland, C. (2008). The Creation Answers Book. (D. Batten, Ed.). Atlanta, GA: Creation Book Publishers, 69-71; DeYoung (2006), op, cit., 59; and Wieland, C. (April 1979). Carbon-14 dating – explained in everyday terms. Creation, 2 (2): 14-18. Also see Carbon-14 dating (November 2008, last modified). In Encyclopedia of Creation Science. Creation Wikipedia. Retrieved May 2009, from http://creationwiki.org/Carbon-14_dating. See Whitelaw, R.L. (1993). A review and critique of pertinent creationist writing. 1950-1990. Creation Research Society Quarterly, 29 (4): 170-183; Cook, M.A. (1986). Nonequilibrium radiocarbon dating substantiated. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Creationism, vol. 2, Pittsburg, PA: Creation Science Fellowship, 59-68; and Stansfield, W.D. (1977). Science of Evolution. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 83.
50. Morris (1994), op. cit., 73–83. Also see Humphreys, D.R. (1986). Reversals of the earth’s magnetic field during the Genesis flood. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Creationism, 2: 113–126; and Coe, R.S., and Prevot, M. (1989). Evidence suggesting extremely rapid field variation during a geomagnetic reversal. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 92: 292–298; as cited in Morris (1994), op. cit., 80–81; Coe, R.S., Prevot, M., and Camps, P. (April 1995). New evidence for extraordinary rapid change of the geomagnetic field during a reversal. Nature, 374: 687–692; Humphreys, D.R. (June 2005). Evidence for a young world. Institute for Creation Research, Impact, Article 384 (Item #6); and Catchpoole, Sarfati, and Wieland (2008), op. cit., 163-164.
51. Brennecka. G.A., et al. (January 2010). 238U/235U variations in meteorites: Extant 247Cm and implications for Pb-Pb dating. Science, 327 (5964): 449–451.
52. McMurtry, Grady S. (2008). The nine great proofs for evolution: and why they are all false (proof #8). Creation World Ministries. Retrieved July 2008, from www.creationworldview.org/ articles_view.asp?id=53.
53. Quote has been used in numerous articles about evolution. Source unknown.
54. Ham, K. (2003). Why Won’t They Listen? Green Forest, AR: Master Books, chapter 8. Retrieved November 2009, from http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/wwtl/chapter8.asp.
55. Spurgeon, C.H. (1877). The Sword and the Trowel. (Inaugural Address - 13th Annual Conference of the Pastors College), Pilgrims Publications, 197.
56. de Duve, Christian (September–October 1995). The beginnings of life on earth. American Scientist, 428. Also cited in Morris, J.D. (2003). Is the Big Bang Biblical? Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 79.
57. Ledger, Lynchburg, Virginia. George Caylor’s article titled “The Biologist,” appeared on February 17, 2000. Permission received from George Caylor on August 10, 2009. Also cited in Morris, J.D. (2003). Is the Big Bang Biblical? Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 71. Also see Whitcomb, J.C., and Morris, H.M. (1961). The Genesis Flood. Phillipsburg, NJ: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 234; and Bernatowicz, A.J. (December 5, 1958). Teleology in science teaching. Science, 128: 1402–1405.
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